Traditional materials utilized for dental applications have been selected based on their mechanical properties and ability to remain inert in vivo; this selection process has provided materials that satifisfy physiological loading conditions but do not duplicate the mechanical, chemical, and architectural properties of bone. The less than optimal surface properties of conventional materials have resulted in clinical complications that necessitate surgical removal of many such failed bone implants due to insufficient bonding to juxtaposed bone. Due to unique surface and mechanical properties, as well as the ability to simulate the three-dimensional architecture of physiological bone, one possible consideration for the next generation of orthopedic and dental implants with improved efficacy are nanophase materials.
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