Keywords :
Antioxidants, Periodontal Diseases, Reactive oxygen species
Citation Information :
Singh B, Bhickta S, Gupta R, Goyal S, Gupta RR. Antioxidants the Powerful New Weapons in the Fight Against Periodontal Diseases. 2013; 1 (2):85-90.
The human inflammatory periodontal diseases are amongst the most common of chronic diseases. The predominant inflammatory cell (96%) within the healthy connective tissue and epithelium of the gingiva is polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL). Periodontopathic bacteria in the gingivomucosal tissue may functionally activate PMNLs leading to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronic inflammation subjects the nearby cells to elevated levels of free radicals (ROS) due to extracellular release from phagocytic cells. Antioxidants block the process of oxidation by neutralizing free radicals. In doing so, the antioxidant themselves become oxidized. Because of this, there is a constant need to replenish our antioxidant resources.
Chapple ILC, Mathews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Perio 2000. 2007;43:160-232.
Vaya J, Aviram M. Nutritional Antioxidants: Mechanisms of Action, Analyses of Activities and Medical Applications. Current Medicinal Chemistry-Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic. May 2001;1(1):99.
Chapple ILC, Milward MR, Ling-Mountford N, Weston P, Carter K, Askey K, Dallal GE, De Spirt S, Sies H, Patel D, Matthews JB. Adjunctive daily supplementation with encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry juice powder concentrates and clinical periodontal outcomes: a double-blind RCT. J Clin Periodontol 2012;39:62-72.
Manjunath RGS. Role of Antioxidants as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. J. Academy Adv Dental Research 2011;2(2):9-16
Sies H and Stahl W. Vitamins E and C, á-carotene, and other carotenoids as antioxidants Am J Clin Nutr l995;62 (suppl): l315S-1321S.
Gutteridge JMC, Halliwell B. Antioxidants in nutrition, health and disease. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Di Mascio P, Kaiser S, Sies H. Lycopene as the Most Efficient Biological Carotenoid Singlet Oxygen Quencher. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1989 November;274(2):532-538.
Chandra RV, Prabhuji MLV, D. Roopa DA, Ravirajan S, Kishore HC. Efficacy of Lycopene in the Treatment of Gingivitis: a Randomised, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Oral Health Prev. Dent. 2007;5:327-336.
Wood N, Johnson RB. The relationship between tomato intake and congestive heart failure risk in periodontitis subjects. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:574-580.
Sharma A, Sharma S. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Periodontics: A Review. International Journal Of Dental Clinics 2011;3(2):44-47
Sree SL, Mythili R. Antioxidants in Periodontal Diseases: A Review. Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry 2011 March-April;1(3):140-146.
Kutzing M, Firestein BL. Altered Uric Acid Levels and Disease States. J Pharmacol and Exp Therapeutics. 2008;324(1):1-7.
Nishida M, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, How A, Trezisan M, Genco RJ. Dietary vitamin C and the risk for periodontal disease, J Periodontol. 2000;71:1215-23.
Riso P, Pinder A, Santangelo A, Porrini M. Does tomato consumption effectively increase the resistance of lymphocyte DNA to oxidative damage. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:712–718.
Panjamurthy K, Manoharan S, Ramachandran CR. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2005;10:255–264.
Sobaniec H, Sobaniec W, Sendrowski K, Sobaniec S, Pietruska M. Antioxidant activity of blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy. Advances in Medical Sciences 2007;52(Suppl. 1):204-206.
Akman S, Canakci V, Kara A, Tozoglu U, Arabaci T, and Dagsuyu IM. Therapeutic Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone Resorption after Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Biochemical, Histochemical, and Stereologic Study. J Periodontol 2013;84:666-674.
Trivedi S, Nandla, Mahdi AA, Mittal M, Singh B, Pandey S. Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Diabetes. J Periodontol 2014 May;85(5):713-20
