Aims and background: To evaluate the plaque removal and gingival health maintenance efficiency between orthodontic brush, orthodontic brush supplemented with interdental brush and sonic power brush in fixed orthodontic patients. Materials and methods: Sixty participants undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. Patients in group I used Colgate® slim soft orthodontic brush, group II used Colgate® slim soft Orthodontic brush supplemented with Colgate® interdental brush, and group III used Colgate® ProClinical 150 Base sonic power brush. Modified Quigley–Hein plaque index and Loe & Silness Gingival index were taken. Assessments were done at baseline, after 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of fixed orthodontic treatment. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's post-hoc analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction of Modified Quigley–Hein plaque and gingival index scores in group I, group II, and group III in each review. When comparing the three groups, the orthodontic brush supplemented with interdental brush and sonic power brush showed a greater reduction in scores than the orthodontic brush group. Conclusion: Orthodontic brushes supplemented with interdental brush and sonic power brush have a greater reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation when compared to the orthodontic brush group. Clinical significance: When comparing the cost-effectiveness, the orthodontic brush supplemented with an interdental brush is definitely a better option than the sonic power brush, because the former which is more economical provides the same oral hygiene maintenance efficiency as the latter.

Introduction: This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare stress distribution on tooth surface and core surface in porcelain fused to metal crown and veneered zirconia crown as a function of ratio of buccal axial length (BAL) to proximal axial length (PAL) with variations in loading condition and position using finite element analysis. Materials and methods: The geometric models of the prepared mandibular first molar and prosthesis were generated. Total six models were generated in accordance with the needs of the study. Three models were generated for veneered zirconia and three for veneered porcelain fused to metal. The proximal wall height variations used in the study were 3.0, 3.2, and 3.4 mm. Combined forces of 200 N vertical and 100 N horizontal were applied to the central groove, mesial incline and cusp center over a 1 mm diameter surface area on the veneer layer. Results: The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 39.691 MPa at the cusp center of the tooth with a veneered zirconia crown at proximal wall height of 3.0 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 34.916 MPa at the cusp center of a tooth with porcelain fused to a metal crown at proximal wall height of 3.0 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 34.214 MPa at the cusp center of the tooth with a veneered zirconia crown at a proximal wall height of 3.2 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 28.365 MPa at the cusp center of a tooth with porcelain fused to a metal crown at a proximal wall height of 3.2 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 29.729 MPa at the cusp center of the tooth with a veneered zirconia crown at a proximal wall height of 3.4 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 27.25 MPa at the cusp center of a tooth with porcelain fused to a metal crown at a proximal wall height of 3.4 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 59 MPa at the cusp center of zirconia coping with a veneered zirconia crown at a proximal wall height of 3.0 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 48.619 MPa at the cusp center of metal coping with porcelain fused to a metal crown at a proximal wall height of 3.0 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 57.516 MPa at the cusp center of zirconia coping with a veneered zirconia crown at a proximal wall height of 3.2 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 37.423 MPa at the cusp center of metal coping with porcelain fused to metal crown at proximal wall height of 3.2 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 54.694 MPa at the cusp center of zirconia coping with a veneered zirconia crown at a proximal wall height of 3.4 mm. The maximum von Mises stress value was observed to be 36.105 MPa at the cusp center of the metal coping with porcelain fused to the metal crown at a proximal wall height of 3.4 mm. Conclusion: Maximum stresses were seen at the proximal wall height of 3.0 mm at the occlusal surface of the tooth in the veneered zirconia crown as compared to the proximal wall heights of 3.2 and 3.4 mm. Maximum stresses were seen at the proximal wall height of 3.0 mm at the occlusal surface of the zirconia coping in the veneered zirconia crown, as compared to the proximal wall heights of 3.2 and 3.4 mm. Maximum stresses were seen at the proximal wall height of 3.0 mm at the occlusal surface of a tooth in porcelain fused to a metal crown as compared to the proximal wall heights of 3.2 and 3.4 mm. Maximum stresses were seen at the proximal wall height of 3.0 mm at the occlusal surface of metal coping in porcelain fused to metal crown as compared to the proximal wall heights of 3.2 and 3.4 mm. When the proximal wall heights were compared maximum von Mises stresses were observed at the occlusal surface of the tooth with veneered zirconia crown as compared to the porcelain fused to metal prosthesis. When the proximal wall heights were compared maximum von Mises stresses were observed at the occlusal surface of zirconia coping in veneered zirconia crown as compared to the porcelain fused to metal prosthesis. The stresses increased as the proximal wall height was reduced. The maximum von Mises stresses were found at the cusp center, followed by mesial incline and central groove at all the variable proximal wall heights.

Background: The study documented below was conducted to highlight the accuracy of diagnosing caries in human teeth by examination of the intraoral photographs taken through the smartphone vs standard clinical examination through the dental operating light. Materials and methodology: Study enrolled 100 subjects who belonged to the age-group of 30–50 years for clinical examination of missing teeth, decayed teeth, sound teeth and filled teeth. All of the teeth were examined. In the concerned procedure; Dual 12MP Wide and Ultra-Wide cameras with ƒ/1.8 aperture were used for examination. Also, cameras with ƒ/2.4 aperture, and 120° field of view, and 2× optical zoom out with digital zoom up to 5× were used. The tele screening group was made on WhatsApp (a social media application) in which 6 members were added and images were sent to that group. Results: The kappa score in six subjects was 0.899, 0.916, 0.910, 0.925, 0.925, and 0.901. Conclusion: Digital images from smartphone camera offers a reliable method of screening dental caries. Hence, the smartphone can be used as an adjunctive tool for tele dentistry.

Background: As part of the criminal justice system, forensic odontology and forensic dentistry bring dental expertise to bear on cases involving civil and criminal law enforcement. This area of forensic science is both the most exciting and least researched. Contemporary forensic odontology encompasses three crucial domains. Injury to the jaws, oral tissues, and teeth from any source must first be evaluated and examined. The second reason is that we want to look at the markings in the hope of identifying or eliminating a suspect as the predator. Thirdly, identifying dental artifacts may require analyzing either partial or whole dentition, which includes all forms of dental restoration. Aim: To determine the best method for age estimation among (Demirjian and Cameriere's) for age estimation in children of mixed dentition. Methodology: Participants’ ages ranged from 6 to 15 years, and they were chosen at random for the study. Prior to the investigative technique, informed consent was acquired. The study utilized orthopantomographs, which were analyzed using the GIMP 2.10 tool. Using orthopantomographs, Demirjian's approach, and Cameriere's method, the dental age was ascertained. Results: The mean difference from the actual age was higher in the Demirjian method as compared to the Cameriere method. This shows the Cameriere method to be better as compared to Demirjian method. Conclusion: The level of accuracy achieved by the Cameriere's method is more than that achieved by the Demirjian method.

Aims and background: Fragment reattachment remains a preferred conservative treatment, offering a balance between esthetic recovery, patient satisfaction, and functionality. Understanding the reattachment technique options helps clinicians provide the best care tailored to individual cases. Materials and methods: Thirty permanent maxillary central incisors were mounted in acrylic resin and divided into 3 groups (n = 10) based on reattachment methods: Group A (Control), group B (Chamfer), group C (Overcontouring). Standardized crown fractures were simulated and reattached using a light-curable flow able composite. The specimens were stored, thermocycled, and tested for fracture resistance. Results: Intact teeth (Control) showed the highest fracture resistance (372 ± 17.45 N). Among reattached teeth, overcontouring (295.9 ± 24.00 N) performed best, followed by Chamfer (170.2 ± 28.39 N). Conclusion: None of the reattachment techniques matched the fracture resistance of intact teeth. Overcontouring yielded the best results, while the Chamfer technique is not recommended due to its low fracture resistance. Clinical significance: By understanding the strengths and limitations of various reattachment techniques, clinicians can make informed decisions to optimize both functional and esthetic outcomes for patients with anterior tooth fractures.

Aims and background: Pain, linked to tissue injury, contributes significantly to dental phobia and anxiety, often rooted in painful childhood experiences. Effective dental anesthesia is crucial, but achieving an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) can be challenging due to anatomical variability. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) provides a noninvasive method to promote healing and reduce pain by modulating sensory nerve activity. This study aims to assess LLLT's effect on anesthesia depth during endodontic therapy for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the North Indian population. Materials and methods: This blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted from September to November 2023, with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Seventy participants with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars were randomly assigned to a laser group receiving 940 nm diode laser therapy or a placebo group receiving light emitting diode (LED) light treatment. Pain levels were assessed during dentinal cutting and pulp chamber entry using the Heft-Parker visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA in SPSS to evaluate the findings. Results: Participants receiving LLLT reported significantly lower pain scores than the placebo group, indicating effective pain reduction during dental procedures. Conclusion: The study confirms that LLLT alleviates pain and reduces the need for supplemental injections during root canal treatments, enhancing pain management. Clinical significance: The growing use of lasers in dentistry now includes endodontics, with this study indicating their potential as a valuable adjunct for supplemental injections in nerve blocks.

Introduction: Oral mucosal lesions (OML) are significant public health concerns, particularly in populations with high tobacco and alcohol use. Handloom factory workers, due to their occupational environment and socio-economic factors, are prone to such habits. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of OML among handloom factory workers in Panipat, Haryana, and its association with smoking, smokeless tobacco, and alcohol consumption. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 handloom workers aged 18–68 years. Participants were classified based on their habits: Smoking, smokeless tobacco use, alcohol consumption, or combinations of these substances. Detailed oral examinations were performed to identify OML, and statistical analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between substance use and lesion prevalence. Results: Of the 400 participants, 28.25% reported using one or more substances. Smoking and alcohol consumption were predominantly seen in males, while smokeless tobacco use was more common in females. The overall prevalence of OML was 17.5%, with frictional keratosis and tobacco pouch keratosis being the most frequently observed lesions. Smokeless tobacco users exhibited a higher prevalence of OML, including tobacco pouch keratosis and leukoplakia. Younger workers (18–40 years) were more affected. A significant association was found between substance use and OML, with 59.9% of habit-users presenting lesions compared to 1.6% of nonusers. Conclusions: This study highlights the considerable burden of OML among handloom workers, particularly among those engaging in smokeless tobacco and alcohol consumption. Public health initiatives focusing on education and cessation strategies are crucial to mitigate this risk.

Aim: Our objective is to offer a thorough summary of the current understanding regarding the digital apps available in the field of prosthodontics. By synthesizing the latest research findings, this article emphasizes the noteworthy contributions made by these digital apps to their respective sectors and emphasizes the significance of ongoing innovation in order to fulfill the changing needs of users by analyzing their features, benefits, and impact. Materials and methods: We searched every English-language publication on digital apps in prosthodontics, including reviews, research, and clinical trials, using PubMed and Google Scholar, among other databases. Conclusion: With the ability to provide telehealth services, personalized medical advice, and remote monitoring, clinical applications have drastically improved patient outcomes and reduced costs. The incorporation of these applications into daily life not only improves convenience and efficiency but also increases engagement and productivity in a variety of fields.

Background: Avulsions, which are most frequently observed in the top front teeth, are among the most severe dental injuries. A excellent prognosis is achieved with immediate transplantation of the avulsed tooth, albeit this may not always be feasible. Case study report: The current case illustrates the 1-year follow-up following the delayed (after 16 hours) replantation of a traumatized maxillary central incisor that had been avulsed. Clinical implications and conclusion: In order to preserve the alveolar bone and assist the patient psychologically, delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth may be a good option to prosthesis. Additionally, initiatives should be taken to inform and educate the public on the care of avulsed teeth at accident scenes and dentist offices.

Prosthodontic rehabilitation is a crucial aspect of dental treatment that can significantly improve the quality of life for patients. This is particularly true for older adults who may experience various dental issues such as tooth wear, discoloration, and loss of teeth. Maintaining proper oral health and functionality is essential for the overall well-being of geriatric patients. Dentures are the most common and cheapest prosthodontic rehabilitation technique. Patient satisfaction is closely linked to both functional and esthetic outcomes. Factors like denture fit, stability, and ease of use directly influence patient comfort, while psychological aspects, such as self-confidence and social interaction, also impact satisfaction. Satisfaction among previous denture wearers is a critical factor in determining the success of prosthetic treatment. Materials and methods: A closed-ended questionnaire was made and the survey was circulated among edentulous patients who were previous denture wearers. The responses were collected and analyzed. Objectives: • To evaluate the satisfaction levels of former denture wearers. • To estimate the correlation between denture satisfaction and various patient-related factors, including demographic characteristics, oral health practices, and experiences after the beginning of denture use. Results: Participants above the age of 60 were more satisfied compared with those less than 60. Individuals those living in urban areas with higher education can have higher expectations and end up being dissatisfied. Patients’ satisfaction may not be affected by the experience with the dentist. The use of adhesive powder leads to lower sense of satisfaction. Conclusion: A significant association was found between the overall patients’ satisfaction and experiences while wearing denture like pain while mastication, sores, or fit of the denture. There was a statistically significant association observed between the overall satisfaction level of patients and with each of age-group and place of residence. The satisfaction of the patient was found to be influenced by multiple factors amongst which the duration of denture worn played a vital role.