Genetics And Periodontium: A Review
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:6] [Pages No:67 - 72]
Keywords: Genetics, Periodontium, Periodontitis
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671956 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Periodontal disease may be regarded as a range of different diseases for which certain individuals are at relatively high risk. Epidemiological and molecular studies of the oral microbial flora suggest, that although microbial factors are required for periodontal disease, they alone do not predict the presence or severity of periodontitis. So in high-risk patient groups, host factors appear to play an important role in susceptibility to periodontitis. In recent years elements of host susceptibility, such as immune response and systemic disease state, and other non-microbial environmental factors, such as smoking, have been shown to be important contributors to the disease expression. Thus, periodontitis represents a lifelong account of interactions between our genome, our behavior, and our environment.
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:73 - 76]
Keywords: Pregnancy, Periodontium, Oral health
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671957 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Pregnancy, the period from conception to birth, is characterised by profound hormonal changes. The tissues supporting the teeth, including the periodontium especially gingiva is affected. There are several reasons why dental professionals should focus on oral health in pregnant women. This article focus light on some of these oral diseases.
Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Powerful Diagnostic and Research Tool
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:8] [Pages No:77 - 84]
Keywords: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, DNA Polymerase
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671958 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
To fully understand cellular processes, scientists often examine events at the level of nucleic acids and protein molecules. These studies are complicated by the fact that cells have miniscule amounts of molecules of interest which are too small to be seen. So we require molecular tools to visualize these molecules. Polymerase chain reaction is one such technique widely used in molecular biology and produce quantities that are sufficient to study and visualize. With the advancement in this technique, it has revolutionized the field of research and diagnosis. In this article, we present a review on the principle, basic technique, applications, limitations and recent advances of Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Antioxidants the Powerful New Weapons in the Fight Against Periodontal Diseases
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:6] [Pages No:85 - 90]
Keywords: Antioxidants, Periodontal Diseases, Reactive oxygen species
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671959 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
The human inflammatory periodontal diseases are amongst the most common of chronic diseases. The predominant inflammatory cell (96%) within the healthy connective tissue and epithelium of the gingiva is polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL). Periodontopathic bacteria in the gingivomucosal tissue may functionally activate PMNLs leading to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronic inflammation subjects the nearby cells to elevated levels of free radicals (ROS) due to extracellular release from phagocytic cells. Antioxidants block the process of oxidation by neutralizing free radicals. In doing so, the antioxidant themselves become oxidized. Because of this, there is a constant need to replenish our antioxidant resources.
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF): A Review
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:91 - 94]
Keywords: Regeneration, Wound Healing, Fibroblast growth factor
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671960 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
In order for periodontal regeneration to occur, progenitor cells must migrate to the denuded root surface, attach to it, proliferate and mature into an organized and functional fibrous attachment apparatus. Significant advances have been made during the last decade in understanding the factors controlling the migration, attachment and proliferation of cells. A group of naturally occurring molecules known as polypeptide growth factors in conjunction with certain matrix proteins, are key regulators of these biological events. Of these, the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) appear to have an important role in periodontal wound healing. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information on these growth factors with emphasis on their potential implications in periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:5] [Pages No:95 - 99]
Keywords: Crowns, Dentures, Dental prosthesis failure
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671961 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Most patients are concerned about the anticipated length of service and reasons of replacement of fixed dental prostheses (FPDs). This study tried to find out relationship among various factors causing failures in fixed dental prostheses. Patients treated with fixed dental prostheses were examined clinically and radiographically. A group of 106 patients were evaluated for unsatisfactory restorations. These groups of patients produced records of initial treatment to ascertain the length of service of restoration. The mean survival period of fixed dental prostheses was 7.5 years. This investigation helped find causes for failures and survival period of various FPDs. Among the reasons of failures, caries was the most frequently observed (24.2%), followed by defective margin (18.2%), unsatisfactory esthetics (15.2%), retention problem (11.7%), periodontal disease (8.8%), fractured tooth (10.6%), periapical lesion (5.8%), porcelain fracture (4.2%) and others (1.3%). Causes of failures were also grouped into two groups (Mechanical & Oral diseases) for comparison. The Mechanical group showed higher failure percentage (59.9%) as compared to Oral diseases group (38.8%).
A New Geometric Intersection Point (Ms) to Determine the Spatial Position of Maxillary Sinus
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:6] [Pages No:100 - 105]
Keywords: Maxillary sinus, Anatomic landmarks, Malocclusion
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671962 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Introduction: Cephalometeric landmark detection, is a knowledge intensive activity to identify on standardized lateral x-rays of the skull, to perform measurements needed for medical diagnosis, treatment planning and evaluation. For computation of analysis of steps and for determination of underlying structures, provided landmarks should be correctly localized. Due to the complexity of human anatomy sensed in a cephalometric x-ray, the landmarks are localized and constructed. Maxillary sinus has an important role to play in the formation of facial contours. Objective: Our aim is to check the validity of new geometric intersection point Ms, evaluating cephalometerically the spatial position of maxillary sinus and to find any correlation between the spatial position of maxillary sinus and sagittal dysplasias. Study design: A single-institution prospective analysis. Subjects and methods: A total of 20 lateral cephalograms were used, of both sexes, ranging in age from 18-25 years. These radiographs were from subjects, classified into class I and class II on the bases of ANB and Ao-Bo. Maxillary sinus was carefully analyzed and measured in linear dimensions of length and width and its spatial position was calculated by using a new geometric intersection point Ms, created by the intersection of the linear measurements, in relation to the anterior cranial base. The spatial position of maxillary sinus was calculated from the position of the intersection point Ms. The length and height of maxillary sinus was measured and compared in both the groups. Results: The mean of maxillary sinus length (MSL) and height (MSH) was 43.2 ± SD 3.2mm and 41.2 ± SD 3.8mm, respectively for class I (p value=0.595) and 44.2 ± SD 4.9mm and 43.0 ± SD 3.4mm, respectively for class II (p value=0.283). The intersection point Ms depicting centre of maxillary sinus from x-axis (Ms-Msx) was same for both the groups. Mean for Ms-Msy, was 37.3 ± SD 5.7 for class I and 37.8 ± SD 1.9 for class II (p value=0.796). No statistical significance was found among the results in both the groups. Conclusion: The length and height of maxillary sinus was calculated and the centre of maxillary sinus was calculated by the intersection of the two. This new point can contribute in calculating the spatial position of sinus and be an effective measure to study the convexity and concavity of the midface. In the present study, the length and height of the sinus did not alter with the increased or decreased ANB and Ao-Bo. There was no significant spatial position change of maxillary sinus with variation in ANB and Ao-Bo (sagittal). Regarding vertical parameters, Ms may have significant correlation with the various malocclusions.
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:6] [Pages No:106 - 111]
Keywords: Ceramics, Composite resins, Permanent dental restoration
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671963 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Micro leakage plays an important role in the success of composite restoration, this have led to researcher to find newer composite restorative material with present study it was observed that Self-etch adhesive systems and single increment technique are advantageous in that it reduces the application time and technique related sensitivity.
Geographic Tongue in A 6 Year Old Child: A Case Report with Review of Literature
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:6] [Pages No:112 - 117]
Keywords: Geographic tongue, Etiology, Cytology
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671964 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Geographic tongue is an inflammatory disorder characterized by asymptomatic erythematoud patched with serpiginous borders. Clinically the appearance is of multifocal, circinate, irregular patches bonded by slightly elevated, white colored keratotic bands. Several etiological factors have been proposed. The conditions may remain asymptomatic or patients may present with complains of pain and burning sensation. We report a case of geographic tongue in a 6 year old boy with review of current concept in causes and management.
Endodontic Treatment with MTA in a Tooth with Open Apex-A Case Report
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:3] [Pages No:118 - 120]
Keywords: Tooth apex, Root canal obturation, Mineral trioxide aggregate
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671965 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
This case report describes the treatment of a tooth with necrotic pulp and open apex (maxillary left central incisor). In this conventional multiple-visit apexification with calcium hydroxide was replaced with a simple two step apical barrier techinique using MTA. The treatment involved mild debridement of the dentinal walls with K files and repeated irrigation with sodium hypochlorite solution, followed by calcium hydroxide dressing for 1 week and lastly creating an apical plug with MTA. The objective of the treatment was to provide an apical stop for the root canal filling material.
Conventional Complete Denture for a Patient with Malunited Fracture of Mandible: A Case Report
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:121 - 124]
Keywords: Oral preposthetic surgery, Denture, Denture stability
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671966 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
A patient with malunited fracture of mandible require preprosthic reconstructive surgery followed by implant-assisted overdentures. In this case report, conventional complete dentures were fabricated for the patient as he refused any invasive treatment. The fabrication procedure of the denture was carefully modified according to anatomical and functional situation of the patient to achieve adequate retention and stability. Complete dentures thus fabricated provided comfort and sufficient function to the patient.
[Year:2013] [Month:May-August] [Volume:1] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:125 - 128]
Keywords: Tooth fracture, Dental radiography, Regeneration
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671967 | Open Access | How to cite |
Abstract
Radicular fractures in permanent teeth are uncommon injuries among dental traumas, being only 0.5 - 7% of the cases. Horizontal root fractures can be managed endodontically or combined endodontic and surgical approach. Treatment varies according to the displacement and vitality of the fragments. This paper presents a case report of two cases of horizontal root fracture, present between the middle and apical third of central incisors, which were managed by combined endodontic and surgical approach, while in second case it was followed by PRF placement to facilitate osteoinduction and periodontal tissue regeneration.