The management of nonvital immature permanent teeth poses quite a challenge. The apexification procedure is in use for long-term now but the treated teeth are more prone to fracture questioning the long-term prognosis of this technique. The introduction of regenerative procedures for the treatment of these teeth is quite favorable; however, despite the increasing use of regenerative endodontic therapy procedures, inconsistent results are seen in the root development. Conservation of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath may have a prime role and selecting the cases with viable root sheath may impact on the consistent positive results treated with regenerative procedures. This article aims to look at the database to find the role of etiology and its implication on Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in the outcome of regenerative endodontics.

Senescence is marked by several transition in the physique, all of which have a contradictory impact on the well-being and way of living of the geriatric. As a person grows older, nutrition becomes even more important. It has a notable influence on the life quality, including physical and mental health. Food intake decreases due to biological transition in the geriatric, consequently leading to nutritional deficiencies that in turn are the primary possibility for various persistent ailments and degenerating age-related well-being. Intervention can be used to address the ongoing state of dietary deficiency and malnutrition. In this article, an overview between dental health and nutritional condition in geriatric is discussed to aggrandize a healthy way of living in geriatric.

Background Dental students were adversely impacted by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) leading to changes in their personal and professional lives. They have been under stress and adapting to new technologies and scenarios at the workplace. With the omicron threat looming, new challenges await them. The study aims to assess perceptions, stress, and coping mechanisms adopted by dental students during COVID-19 times, and to invite suggestions to improve the professional scenario. Methodology A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire-based study was planned for third- and final-year undergraduate and postgraduate dental students from dental colleges around the Chandigarh region. Convenient sampling was done. Thirty-item questionnaire was sent via email and WhatsApp groups in the form of Google Form. p-Value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results Overall, 389 students participated, with majority (93.8%) being 21 to 25 years of age, females (75.6%), and undergraduates (90.2%). Also, 35% had a positive COVID-19 family history. Social media was the most common source (81.1%) of information regarding the pandemic. The majority received online teaching (84.83%) and gave online exams (58.6%). Altered sleep patterns (81.5%) and increased screen time (82%) were reported. Being female (stress score 11.15; p < 0.001; Mann–Whitney U test), final-year undergraduate (stress score 11.1; p < 0.017; Kruskal–Wallis test), and positive COVID-19 family history (stress score 11.83; p < 0.002; Mann–Whitney U Test) was associated with significantly higher mean stress scores. Watching movies (30%) and sharing a stressful feeling with family (47%) were the most common coping mechanisms. Students suggested flexible work schedules, more offline work with better safety protocol, and counselors for the future. Conclusion Decreasing number of stressors and increasing involvement in the coping mechanism will help students to better embrace the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose The present in vivo study aimed to estimate the prevalence and variation in anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in relation to mental foramen to assess the safe zone in anterior part of mandible for implant placement with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in North Indian population. Materials and Methodology To conduct this study, 70 patients were selected and radiographically evaluated. All CBCT scans were made from Genoray Papaya 3D Plus. CBCTs were evaluated in CDSee software for anterior loop and height measurement anterior to mental foramen. Four parameters of prevalence of loop length and height anterior to mental foramen on right and left side each and four parameters of variation in loop length and height on right and left side each were recorded with the help of descriptive statistical analyses (mean, median, mode, and range) and paired t-test. Level of significance (p) was also calculated. Result Paired t-test value for comparison on both the right and left sides for loop length of IAN anterior to mental foramen was 0.140 and paired t-test value for loop height was 0.384. The p-values for loop length and height were 0.8891 and 0.7019, respectively. Conclusion Within the limitation of the study, it was observed that the anterior loop has a wide range of prevalence and variation in terms of loop length and loop height suggesting that it is difficult to get a defined measurement of loop length for a given population and surgical procedures cannot be performed based on the given data for IAN loop anatomy.

Background Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte-specific protein, which plays an important role in decreasing insulin resistance and inflammation, and hence can be considered in understanding the underlying mechanisms of both diabetes and periodontitis. As periodontitis and diabetes mellitus share common pathways of pathogenesis, this study was conducted to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetics with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods Ten poorly controlled type 2 diabetics (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%) with moderate to severe periodontitis (test group) and 10 age, sex, and body mass index matched systemically healthy patients with moderate to severe periodontitis (control group) were recruited. All the subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were collected at the baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment for assessment of adiponectin levels. Results Adiponectin levels increased postperiodontal therapy in both the groups, both in GCF (p = 0.206, 0.12) and serum (p = 0.051, 0.06). HbA1c reduced in the test group posttreatment (p = 0.229). Conclusion Nonsurgical periodontal therapy affects adiponectin levels locally as well as systemically thereby leading to improvement of glycemic control.

Introduction Although surgical extraction of retained lower third molars is one of the most frequently undertaken surgical interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgery, presented in numerous scientific publications every year, there is no unanimous standpoint on the type of flap providing optimal results. This article presents a technique, modified through tunneling involving an envelope and triangular flap. Clinical Case This article presents a clinical case of extraction of tooth 48 describing step by step in details the implementation of a tunneled envelope flap. Discussion Each of those two techniques—envelope flap and triangular flap—has its advantages and disadvantages. The presented technique aims to combine the positive features of those two frequently implemented techniques, adding a novel tunneling element. Conclusion This article aims to demonstrate and describe in details the technique, developed by the author. Further studies are necessary to analyze the results of its implementation.

Salivary duct cyst (SDC) is a true salivary gland pathology that rarely occurs in the upper lip. The proposed rarity of SDC is around 0.39% of all the salivary cystic lesions. It usually arises in the lower lip or the floor of the mouth and is prevalent in the sixth/eight decade of life. We report a case of 76-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of an abnormal growth of the upper lip. The growth had increased in size from the last two months. Clinically it was a well circumscribed, solitary, nodular, painless, mobile, noncompressible, soft growth. Excisional biopsy was performed. Histology revealed a SDC and sialolithiasis in the upper lip. This article aims to include SDC in the differential diagnosis of lesions in the upper lip. Their clinical and histopathology features mimic salivary gland pathology such as mucocele, pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

There are many causes of root canal failure, among them the most common cause is undiagnosed root canal. Mandibular molars typically have two roots mesial and distal. However, sometimes an additional root buccally (radix entomalris) or lingually (paramolaris) may be present. Awareness, diagnosis, and biomechanical preparation of additional canal is important for successful outcome of root canal therapy. This article presents successful management of mandibular first molar with radix entomolaris.

Guided endodontic microsurgery, also known as guided endodontic microsurgery, is a surgical procedure used to treat failed endodontically treated teeth with periapical infections. Guided endodontic microsurgery can be problematic in some situations, such as when there are tough anatomical features or limited surgical access. Some of these complex cases can be managed using cone beam computed tomography imaging, CAD software design, and 3D printing technologies. A surgical stent was manufactured using a 3D printer in each of the three cases. Prior to surgery, the infection location, depth, and angulation of preparation were determined to protect sensitive anatomical components. The target location is chosen to ensure precise root excision and avoid infection during surgery. Infected root tip resection and biopsy were accomplished in one step by rotating a trephine bur in the surgical stent hole. Once the root preparation and the retrograde filling were completed, bone graft material can be added to the surgical site and then the tissues were sutured to achieve primary closure. Surgical stents produce effective targeted apicoectomy with a certain angle and depth of preparation. In addition, the soft tissue is reflected or protected with the unique features of the stent.