Background: Research in the dental material field is progressing to find the perfect material for maxillofacial prosthetics. This material must meet certain criteria such as functionality, biocompatibility, esthetics, and durability. Silicone is currently the most commonly used material, but it still has weaknesses that need to be addressed. This article explores how environmental factors, such as sunlight, rain, wind and cleaning, can affect auricular prostheses. The article also examines the areas where current materials fall short and need improvement to provide individuals with the best maxillofacial prostheses possible. Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of indoor and outdoor weathering on mechanical properties and color stability of high temperature vulcanized silicone (HTV) maxillofacial elastomer material. Objective: To evaluate and compare tear strength, tensile strength, hardness and color stability of HTV silicone before and after 6 months of indoor condition and outdoor weathering. Materials and methods: In order to achieve the objective, mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone material Technovent Z004 Platinum Silicone Rubber was investigated before and after natural outdoor weathering in comparison to indoor weathering. A total of 40 maxillofacial silicone samples were prepared in two different shapes and sizes using a standardized stainless steel die. The samples were divided into two groups, indoor and outdoor weathering of 20 samples each. Before weathering the samples were tested at baseline for hardness and color stability. About 20 samples were placed in a dry dark closed box and the other half samples were placed outdoor on a rooftop for 6 months. After 6 months, final testing for all the parameters was done using Universal Testing Machine, Shore A durometer and spectrophotometer. The mean values of all the readings of all the samples were statistically analyzed. Result: The results obtained from this in vitro study conclusively showed that over time the tear strength, tensile strength, hardness and color stability (ΔE) degraded more in outdoor samples (tear strength = 16.93 N/mm, tensile strength = 2.77 N/mm², Hardness = 39.50, ΔE = 1.81) as compared to indoor samples (tear strength = 20.22 N/mm, tensile strength = 3.61 N/mm², Hardness = 37.25, ΔE = 0.72). This showed that apart from aging, exposure to sunlight degrades the silicone even more and it needs to repeat a new prosthesis after every 6 months. Conclusion: Silicone elastomers are thus materials that have ideal physical properties suitable for making prosthesis to replace lost facial structures. Though, esthetic quality still requires future studies, particularly long-term prospective clinical trials to determine the amount of distortion tolerable biologically and mechanically.

Aim: This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of recycled ceramic brackets with Er,Cr:YSGG, and Sandblasting. Materials and methods: A total of 120 noncarious, sound premolars extracted for routine orthodontic treatment were used in this study. These teeth were mounted in polyvinyl cynometha tubes (20 mm × 32 mm) with the use of self-polymerizing acrylic resin. These samples were divided into six groups (Groups A, B, C, D, E, and F). Both monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets were used in our study. Groups A and B were the control groups, whereas Groups C, D, E, and F were the study groups. The SBS of all the samples was determined with the help of universal testing machines at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until bond failure. Bracket base surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Analysis of variance and Tukey test were used to compare the SBS of all six groups. The adhesive remanent index was calculated under a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification. Results: Maximum SBS was observed in Group A (control group, bonded with new Monocrystalline ceramic brackets; 8.01 MPa) and minimum in Group E (sandblasted, polycrystalline ceramic brackets; 5.87 MPa). Conclusion: Both sandblasting and laser treatment were efficient for recycling polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramics.

Objective: The most frequent endodontic irrigant is sodium hypochlorite due to its antibacterial and tissue-dissolving properties. Recently, in endodontics, cryotherapy has been suggested to be an effective technique for controlling postoperative pain. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of cryotreated NaOCl for tissue dissolution. Materials and methods: Palatal mucosal tissue of goat was collected to determine a benchmark of tissue dissolution properties of NaOCl at different temperatures. Fifteen pieces of palatal mucosa of goat of similar size were prepared and weighed. The sample was then randomly divided into three experimental groups, depending on the temperature of 5.25% NaOCl irrigant. Group I—tissue treated with warm 5.25% NaOCl, Group II—tissue treated with 5.25% normal NaOCl, Group III—tissue treated with 5.25% cryotreated NaOCl. Following an approximate exposure period of 2 minutes, the remaining tissue samples were taken out, blot dried, and checked for their weight gain. The variation in the weight of tissue in the pre-dissolution period and post-dissolution period was noted as residual weight. Results: Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the time taken for complete dissolution was statistically significantly different among different groups (p < 0.001), with a mean rank tissue dissolution readings of 3.50 for warm NaoCl, 9.50 for normal NaOCl and 15.50 for cryotreated NaOCl. Conclusion: Tissue dissolution with cryotreated NaOCl was less compared with normal and warm NaOCl. Cryotreated NaOCl did dissolve the tissue, but dissolution was slower when compared with normal and warm NaOCl. Key message: To evaluate the efficacy of cryotreated NaOcl on soft tissue.

Aim: To evaluate the hemodynamic changes during third molar surgery and also to assess whether these changes are associated with anxiety of patients towards the surgery. Materials and methods: A prospective study was done on 40 healthy patients (14 male and 26 female) with a mean age of 28.48 years (Age range 19–48 years) who underwent surgical extraction of the third molar. Patient anxiety and fear were assessed by Corah's dental anxiety scale (DAS) and Kleinknecht's dental fear scale (DFS) while the level of pain was evaluated by a visual analog scale. During a surgical procedure, hemodynamic parameters like systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were evaluated on different surgical events. Results: Hemodynamic parameters showed significant changes with different phases of a surgical procedure. The peak value of blood pressure was evident during the ostectomy/tooth sectioning phase while the highest value of heart rate was recorded four minutes after the administration of local anesthesia. Conclusion: Dental anxiety was found to have a significant influence on the hemodynamic parameters of patients who had undergone third molar surgery, however these were within normal limits. Clinical significance: Monitoring the vital signs during surgical procedures enables the surgeon to instantaneously recognize a state of higher risk, evaluate, and prevent emergency situations during surgical procedures. Preoperative information on the recovery process/counseling will result in a significant anxiety reduction in patients.

Introduction: Slow maxillary expansion is a common procedure for space gain in orthodontics. It has been used to correct maxillary transverse deficiencies. Several appliances, such as NiTi Palatal Expander-2 (NPE-2) and Quad Helix have emerged as some of the efficacious expanders. This finite element study was aimed at evaluating the stress distribution and displacement of skeletal, dentoalveolar, and dental units using Quad Helix and NPE-2 on a dry human skull. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to compare three-dimensional stress distribution and displacement of skeletal, dentoalveolar, and dental units using Quad Helix and NPE-2. Materials and methods: CT scan images of maxilla, Quad Helix appliance and NPE-2 were generated and converted to geometric model and then into finite element model for analysis. The expansion force was kept constant at 350 g for NPE-2 and 398 g for the Quad Helix model. Results: Maximum stress was seen from canine-to-molar region in cortical bone and between central incisors in cancellous bone with both the appliances but the magnitude of stress generated was more with Quad Helix. Stress generated in PDL was more with Quad Helix as compared with NiTi expander-2. Expansion achieved with Quad Helix was greater as compared with NiTi expander-2.

This case report targets to present a technique for the substitution of acrylic resin denture base material and teeth for an implant-retained fixed complete denture utilizing the existing metallic framework. This technique helps in precise alignment of the impression and framework to implants and residual ridges and simultaneously affords a cast and record for the articulation of substitute teeth at the appropriate vertical dimension of occlusion.

Intentional replantation has been traditionally accepted as last resort in treatment of teeth where surgical endodontic treatment is contraindicated. Iatrogenic breakage of Gutta percha beyond apex does predispose such treatment needs, especially, where vital structures surround the operational area. This case report describes a case of adolescent male individual where iatrogenic endodontic complication was successfully managed and presents one-year follow-up of uneventful healing.

Stafne's bone cyst (SBC) are static lesions that are commonly located at the angle of the mandible. Males are affected more as compared with females with an incidence ranging from 0.10% to 0.48%. Stafne bone cysts are usually asymptomatic. Panoramic radiograph of the cyst shows a well-defined radiolucency on the left side of the mandible which lies below the inferior alveolar canal. These lesions are detected easily with routine intraoral radiographs, as these lesions are usually present at particular sites with a clear demarcation from the surroundings. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a useful diagnostic tool that helps to confirm its diagnosis. This article describes the incidental finding in a 55-year-old male patient incidentally when patient was advised for intraoral radiography during a routine dental checkup. The patient was advised orthopantomograph in which an oval cystic lesion was evident. For a clear diagnosis, the patient was referred for the CBCT, which confirmed the presence of SC which is benign and radiographically seen as a unilocular lesion.

Osteomas of the maxillofacial region are slow-growing benign lesions of bony origin that usually cause facial asymmetry and dental malocclusion. They arise from the proliferation of either compact or cancellous bone and may occur as solitary or multiple. Multiple maxillofacial osteomas associated with numerous supernumerary teeth that are seen in Gardner's syndrome, which is typically characterized by cutaneous sebaceous cysts and colorectal polyposis. However, depending on their origin, solitary osteomas are further classified as central (endosteal), peripheral, and extra-skeletal types. We have documented a rare case of central maxillary osteoma that presented as a fixed bony enlargement in the right half of the maxilla resulting in significant swelling and airway obstruction.