Due to the success of osseointegration and improved surgical protocols, implant placement has become a routine practice in most of the dental clinics. The latest developments focus on the implant superstructure and prosthodontic phase. In digitally driven world, use of virtually designed and milled implant abutments is growing exponentially. More and more dentists are going in for customised milled abutments for predicable soft tissue contours and esthetics. The present article discusses about the restorative options for a few clinical situations where custom milled abutments seemed a best option.

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been enormously used in medical practice, especially for the management of various orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorders. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has favorable effects on stimulating callus formation, inducing angiogenesis and bone regeneration and relieving pain. Studies also indicated that extra corporeal shock waves have a significant bactericidal effect on bone- and implant-associated infections. The present article reviews the various applications of extra corporeal shock wave therapy in the field of dentistry and the possibility of inculcating the useful properties of shock waves in improving the treatment outcome.

Objective: Forensic odontology is a lineage that deals in relation to jaws and teeth as evidence to law and justice. Tooth serves as a prime importance in the context of sex identification. (1) To investigate whether there exists any correlation between odontometric measures and sexual dimorphism. (2) To compare the inter-canine arch width of mandible. (3) To evaluate the mean value of standard mandibular canine index. Method: This study is an odontometric analysis performed intra-orally with a sample of 150 teeth (75male:75 female) on students of Kanti Devi Dental college, Mathura. Mesiodistal dimensions of mandibular right and left canine with a caliper device and statistical analysis for significance of sexual dimorphism was done with student's t test. Result: The result showed that sexual dimorphism is significant in relation to mesiodistal diameter of canine. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference in tooth crown dimension between males and females where the males showed higher mean values. Conclusion: The study show definite statistically significant sexual dimorphism hence they can play significant role in providing expertise in civil & criminal proceedings to ensure that forensic dentistry will remain viable component of forensic medicine.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in Northern region of India using adecalcification and clearing technique. Method: Three hundred extracted human mandibular premolars, collected from dental clinics within North India were selected for this study. Following pulp tissue removal, India ink was injected into the root canals and the teeth were decalcified with 5% nitric acid, dehydrated with ascending concentrations of alcohol and rendered clear by immersion in methyl salicylate. Cleared teeth were examined under 5X magnification and the following features were evaluated: (i) number and type of root canals; (ii) presence and location of lateral canals and; (iii) location of apical foramina. Results: 84.2% of the specimens exhibited Type I canal pattern. Type VIII was not observed in any of the specimens. The lateral canals were in the apical third in 78.7% of the specimens followed by middle third in 16.5% and the cervical third in 4.7%. 82.7%of the specimens showed lateral position of the apical foramen. Conclusion: Mandibular premolar teeth present a wide variety of radicular features, with one root and one canal being found in majority of the cases. An accurate knowlegde of the morphology of the root canal is essential for proper diagnosis and successful treatment of endodontic cases.

Objective: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs among residents of orphanages in Panchkula district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 11 orphanages of Panchkula District in which all the 464 subjects aged 4-26 years were examined. A Modified WHO format (1997) was used to record the oral health status and demographic details. The inmates needing the treatment were treated up to the best possible extent. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was found to be 22.7% while for the primary dentition was 5.73%. The mean DMFT was 1.01 whereas the mean dft was 0.28. 58.1% had healthy periodontium, 28% had CPI score 2 followed by 13.6% who had CPI score 1. 16.4% subjects had various grades of dental fluorosis. 56.7% of the subjects had never visited a dental surgeon. Conclusion: The results from this baseline study indicate that the prevalence of dental diseases is high among orphans. They have many cumulative treatment needs and very poor access to oral health care. Therefore, educational programs are to be initiated for the orphans regarding causes, prevention and treatment of dental diseases. It is crucial to generate considerable efforts to implement health promotion strategies to reverse the observed trends and to provide treatment to dental problems to prevent their biologic and psychological consequences.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess variation in the remaining filling material by radiographic analysis and the time taken for retreatment system, with H-files; the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System; Mtwo retreatment system and the SybronEndo K3. Methods: 120 human mandibular premolars with single straight root canals were prepared with rotary twisted files (up to size 40/0.04) using the crown down technique and filled by cold lateral condensation and the radiographs were taken. After one week, teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30). Gutta-percha was removed using H-files, the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo system and the K3 System. After retreatment radiographs were taken for each sample and the remaining material was calculated for each canal third. Results: Rotary NiTi instruments were significantly faster than the hand instrumentation technique in performing the retreatment. In radiographic analysis there was significant difference in between the groups for coronal third in ProTaper group and for apical third in H-file group. Conclusions: In the radiographic analysis the ProTaper Universal System left less filling material in the coronal third and the H-files left less filling material in apical third as compared to other groups. Rotary instruments worked faster than H files.

Dental avulsion is characterized by the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket, with damage to the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, gingival and pulp tissues. The ideal treatment for an avulsed permanent tooth is its immediate replantation into the socket. However, in spite of itsrecognized therapeutic value, clinical experience has shown that immediatereplantation rarely occurs due to factors associated to the accident itself, complex damage to the recipient site, or simply lack of knowledgeor confidence of the general population and even professionals about Replantation procedures. The present study was carried out with an aim to assess the level of knowledge of emergency management of avulsed teeth among 209 Dental practitioners in the state of Punjab. The received questionnaires were analysed for the responses. The data showed that the knowledge of dental practitioners in the state was not up to date and efforts should be made to carry out various education programs for the same.

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine if non-surgical therapy adjuncted with local drug delivery of tetracycline fibers produces at least optimally comparable results as surgical therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetic individuals with moderate to severe periodontitis. Method and Materials: 80 sites with periodontal pockets measuring 5-8 mm in 40 controlled non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients were treated with either tetracyclinelocal drug deliveryorflap surgery. Measurements of Probing pocket depth and Clinical attachment level at selected sites in each patient along with Plaque Index and Gingival Index were documented at baseline and after 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks and 12 weeks post treatment. Results: Both non-surgical therapy adjuncted with local drug delivery and surgical therapy were found to be comparably effectivein reduction of all parameters except Probing Pocket Depth, for which surgical therapy wasstatistically significantly more efficacious(p<0.01), though clinically the difference was insignificant. Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, non-surgical therapy adjuncted with local drug delivery of tetracycline fibers appears to be clinically as efficacious as surgical therapy and may be employed as the preferred therapy for treatment of deep pockets measuring 5-8 mm in controlled non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

Ectodermal dysplasia are rare hereditary disorders characterized by abnormal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. Children affected need multidisciplinary approach and a removable prosthesis is recommended in initial years of life to prevent bone resorption, improve esthetics, mastication and speech apart from boosting self image. Implants are recommended only once the growth is complete. This case reports hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia in a 3 year old child, rehabilitated with partial denture in maxillary and complete denture in mandibular arch.

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a collagen barrier along with an alloplastic bone graft in the treatment of gingival recession defects. Two patients having Miller's Class I or Class II recession defects participated in the study. One was treated with a collagen membrane covered by a coronally positioned flap. Second patient also had bone graft placed beneath the membrane. Clinical parameters were recorded. Patients were followed postoperatively and healing was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months, with recession depth as the primary criteria for assessment. This case report revealed a favorable tissue response to bone graft and collagen membrane from both clinical and esthetic point of view in the treatment of gingival recession. Root coverage tended to be better with the addition of bone graft.

Dentoalveolar surgery is accompanied by a number of complications, one of these is bleeding. The majority of patients who bleed after extractions do not have any underlying haematological disorders and generally have had extractions previously without complications, suggesting a purely local factor in the occurrence of haemorrhage; e.g, local infection, traumatic surgery and noncompliance to postoperative instructions. Here we report a case of 14 year old female patient who reported to our department for ortho extraction and after atraumatic tooth extraction the blood continued to ooze for hours. All the local measures failed to control the oozing. Dengue has become a global problem since the second world war. No antiviral drugs or vaccine has been invented so far. The range of the disease appears to be expanding possibly due to climate change.