To replace metallic dental prosthesis the structure of ceramics has been improved. Among in Ceramics Zirconia has come up in a big way because of its biological, mechanical and optical properties. It has adequate mechanical properties to be used in medical devices. With addition of yittrium trioxide properties of zirconia improved tremendously to be used in dentistry. This review article gives general properties as well as specific clinical guidelines for its use in dentistry.

Root resorption is one of the most common and serious side effect commonly associated with orthodontic treatment. Numerous studies have associated root resorption with multiple factors during course of orthodontic treatment, but no clear cause and effect relationship has been demonstrated. Various factors like individual susceptibility, systemic factors, appliance type, tooth movement and force applied play a major role. This article attempts to review the literature regarding root resorption with various factors associated with orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To determine quality of life of parents of children with cleft lip and palate and to compare it with parents of non cleft lip and palate children. Method: World Health Organisation Quality of Life (Bref, Field Trial version,1996) for parents of children with cleft lip and palate. Total of 40 parents were questioned, 20 were parents of CLP chidren and the other 20 were parents of non cleft children. Results: The scores of quality of life for parents of the cleft children were significantly lower than the parents of non-cleft children. Conclusion: The parents of children with clefts had a lower Quality of Life score as compared to the parents of children with no clefts.

Clinically, there is a real potential for rotary NiTi instruments to separate in the canal; hence increasing the resistance to fracture has been a focus in the designing of new NiTi rotary systems. NiTi alloys go through various transitional phases and these have been utilized by manufacturers in different file systems. Aim: To evaluate and compare the surface changes of rotary nickel-titanium instruments manufactured from the Austenite phase, M-wire technology and R- phase before and after multiple uses. Materials and Methodology: 60 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars with a single, straight canal were selected. They were divided into 3 groups of 20 teeth each. Cleaning and Shaping was carried out using the crown down technique. All instruments were evaluated for defects under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) before and after multiple uses and scored for the defects. Results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U test. Results: The p-value was <0.0001, indicating a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of resistance to surface defects. Conclusion: R-phase technology had superior resistance to surface defects, followed by M-wire and the austenitic phase.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

Introduction: Oral health is important both for the well-being and successful elite sporting performance. Athletes are at a greater risk of having dental caries, dental erosion and traumatic dental injuries. So this study was taken up to focus on this issue. Objectives: i) To assess the prevalence and severity of dental erosion, dental trauma, oral mucosal lesions, dental caries and periodontal status among athletes, using WHO oral health assessment form 2013. ii) To plan appropriate oral diseases prevention and oral health promotion strategy for athletes. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among athletes in SMS STADIUM Jaipur. Clinical examination of the athletes was carried out with the help of WHO proforma 2013. Results: A total of 300 athletes were included with 217(72.3%) males and 83(27.66%) females in the age group of 10-35 years with a mean age of 22±5.04 years. Of the participants, 55.3% participants reported the use of energy drinks. 50% reported using chewing gums (sweetened) and 20.6% reported the use of mouth guard during their activities. Around 70% of the athletes were having DMFT, out of them 68.66% had decayed teeth and only 12.66% had filled teeth. 9.3% of the athletes had enamel erosion. 8.33% & 8.66% of athletes were having treated injury and enamel fracture, respectively. Conclusion: Athletes are more prone to dental caries because of less care towards oral hygiene and extensive use of sweetened chewing gums and energy drinks.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of various post materials and cements on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Material and methods: Three post systems; custom made Ni-Cr post and core, prefabricated stainless steel and carbon fibre post with composite core and two different luting cements i.e glass ionomer and resin cements were used. Results and conclusions: Carbon fibre post cemented with resin cements showed higher failure load than Ni-Cr and stainless steel post and resin cement performed better than glass ionomer cement, the mode of fracture was more favourable with carbon fibre post than in metallic post.

Purpose: Prevention and management of postendodontic pain (PEP) is an integral part of endodontic treatment. NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen, Ketorolac are the most common medications used for managing pain after root canal treatment. So the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of pain relief on regular versus on demand prescription of ibuprofen after single-visit root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials & Methodology: The study was performed on twenty patients. Root canal treatment was performed and all the patients were given a “rescue bag” that contained 8 tablets of 400 mg ibuprofen and then divided into two groups. In the group 1- patients were instructed to use ibuprofen tablets if they felt pain and in the group 2- patients were instructed to take ibuprofen regularly after every 6 hours for at least three days. Patients were instructed to complete a form to rate their pain at 24 and 48 hours after the root canal treatment and were also asked to record the number of analgesic tablets they had taken. Records were collected and statistically analysed. Results: The patients pain levels in groups 1 and 2 were not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours after root canal treatment. The number of analgesic medications used by the patients in group 2 was significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: Regular prescription of ibuprofen had no significant effect on postoperative pain compared with on-demand use of ibuprofen in teeth with irreversible pulpitis

Introduction: Light cured composite resins have become the method of choice in orthodontic bonding procedures worldwide. In recent years, a new primerless orthodontic bonding composite, Heloisit with good bond strength, fluoride release and an advantage of not requiring use of a primer has been introduced. Aims: To compare the bonding characteristics of commonly available self and light cured adhesives with primerless system. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty extracted human premolar teeth were mounted on similar sized aluminium blocks and were divided into four groups of thirty teeth each. All teeth were bonded with four different bonding systems Group i) Light Cured Primerless orthodontic Composite (Heliosit®, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Group ii) Light Cured Composite Resin (Transbond XT^®, 3M Unitek), Group iii) Light Cured GIC (GC Fuji Ortho LC^®, GC Corp.), Group iv) Self Cured Composite Resin (Rely-A-Bond^®, Reliance, Inc., Illinois, USA) using metallic premolar first premolar brackets (0.022” Ortho Organizers). These were evaluated for shear bond strength using an Instron testing machine. Surface characteristics after debonding were studied under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated using the adhesive remnant index (AR Index). Results: Shear bond strength (SBS) of primerless orthodontic light cured Heliosit^® composite was clinically significant and adequate for clinical use. It lies intermediate to Transbond XT light-cured composite and Light Cured GIC. The least bond strength was shown by Rely-a-Bond® self-cured composite resin. Conclusions: Heliosit® light cured primerless orthodontic composite can be used for everyday clinical use due to its ideal characteristics of sufficient bond strength and reduced chances of enamel damage at debonding. Additionally, it is primerless and saves valuable clinical time.

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of less than six teeth because of agenesis. Congenital absence of tooth (hypodontia) from the dental arch, may occur with any tooth, most commonly being third molars, however, absence of permanent mandibular canine is rare. The absence of teeth may be unilateral or bilateral. There are reports showing unilateral occurrence of permanent mandibular canines but agenesis of bilateral mandibular canines is not well documented in the literature and comprehensive review of literature shows paucity of data pertaining to this anomaly. Here we report one such rare case of congenitally missing mandibular permanent canines bilaterally.

Gingival recession has been defined as the term used to characterize the apical shift of the marginal gingiva from its normal position on the crown of the tooth to levels on the root surface beyond the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Numerous techniques have been developed for treatment of these defects including rotational and advanced gingival flaps, soft-tissue grafting procedures with autogenous and allograft materials. This paper illustrates a case report of 42-years-old male patient with a chief complaint of thermal root sensitivity in relation with front teeth of lower jaw and describes a technique to coronally advance the flap in combination with recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) (GEM 21S^®) to treat multiple gingival recession defects. Patient was followed postoperatively, and healing was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months, with recession depth as the primary outcome measure. This case report revealed a favourable tissue response to GEM 21S^® from both clinical and aesthetic points of view showing excellent plastic surgery results for gingiva.

Denture labelling is not a new concept in either prosthetic or forensic dentistry and its routine practice has been urged by forensic dentists internationally for many years. Prosthodontists are playing very important role in forensic dentistry as they are concerned with fabrication of various prosthesis which can serve as an important tool for identification. The main objective of this article is to discuss the various methods available for denture marking along with three case reports.

Maxillomandibular defects may be the result of congenital malformations, trauma or surgical resection of tumors. The primary objective of rehabilitating these defects is to eliminate the disease by surgical resection and improve the qualityof life for these individuals. Rehabilitating patients with maxillofacial defects is one of the most challenging therapies of the stomatognathicsystem. Prosthetic reconstruction of these defects may be achieved with the help of varied prosthesis, removable and fixed. Thepresent case report describes a case of a large dentigerous cyst managed with a surgicalobturatorwhich allowed closure of the defect by secondary healing through granulation tissue maturation and associated bone fill. The obturator allowed decrease in size of defect and enhanced comfort and overall well-being of the patient till the complete filling of bone and till some permanent prosthesis is provided.