The posterior portion of the maxilla has been described as the most difficult part of the mouth for the implant practitioner, and it requires great ability to achieve successful results. Anatomical considerations include reduced bone quantity, especially in patients who have had alveolar resorption in the wake of tooth loss. So, it may be necessary to perform a bone augmentation procedure before placing the implant. However, one disadvantage of using autogenous bone is the unpredictable bone resorption, which might be reduced by the use of bisphosphonates, perhaps locally. Bisphosphonates have been tested for treating osteoporosis and they are in clinical use. These drugs can also be used to reduce peri-implant resorption thereby allowing orthopedic implants to achieve a stronger primary fixation. Once released from the surface of a coated implant, bisphosphonates reduce osteoclast activity, thereby changing the balance of bone turnover, leading to a net increase in local bone density. Clinically, this idea has been tested in orthopedics but not in dentistry. For dental implants, improved fixation would enable surgeons to push the limits regarding the quality of bone (in a surgical sense) in which implants can be inserted.

Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM) is a complex process involving physiologic processes resulting in remodelling changes in the paradental tissues which are essential in orthodontic correction of tooth position. Medications have an influence on tooth movement and information on their consumption is essential to discuss treatment planning with patients. Various drugs either prescribed by the clinician or consumed by the patients enter the circulation and may be inhibitory, additive or synergise with the movement of teeth. Tooth movement through the remeodelling of bone is regulated by prostaglandins(PG) which play a direct role in bone resorption and is adversely affected by the use of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) with research and clinical experience suggesting that their use slows down tooth movement due to a reduction in the number of osteoclastic cells. Since tooth movement is the key principle behind orthodontic treatment, any factor affecting the biologic response towards applied mechanical force is deemed to affect orthodontic treatment duration as well as efficacy. The purpose of this review article is to update the clinician on the roleof most commonly used pharmaceutical drugs capable of affecting bone metabolism and rate of orthodontic tooth movement so that best therapeutic strategy can be formulated for an individual.

The science of Implantology has undergone numerous modifications and improvement and is highly dynamic. With each improvement and advancement, Implantology has proved to be a boon in disguise to the society and hence its acceptance by the general population has widely increased despite of expensive treatment modality. More of clinical trials conducted on different commercially available implants, its effect on bone and oral tissues as well as the development of implant designs, have increased the success rate of implants to over 95% and specially in anterior mandible where the success rate is over 99%. Latest technological advances in Dental Implantology are reviewed in this article.

Wheat Grass refers to the young grass of the common wheat plant, Triticum aestivum that is freshly juiced or dried into powder for animal and human consumption. Both provide chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. Wheat grass is a humble weed known as the powerhouse of nutrients and vitamins for the human body. In the form of fresh juice, it has high concentrations of chlorophyll, active enzymes, vitamins and other nutrients. The present review article focuses onto the use of wheatgrass in various disease conditions. It has shown potential anti inflammatory, anti oxidant and anti ageing property Since very few clinical studies have been done on this very promising herbal drug, efforts are needed to conduct extensive studies on the wheat grass both in experimental models and human subjects to develop wheat grass therapy with no side effects in prevention, cure and management of chronic diseases for which our modern systems have lost their hopes.

“The best of friends fall out with time and so do teeth.” Thus, there is a need to replace the lost teeth and the supporting structures for the patient's social demands and functional rehabilitation. Prosthetic treatment with complete dentures is a very common treatment modality; the biggest challenge in its fabrication is to duplicate the normal vertical dimension. Failure can be avoided by completing the treatment without changing the vertical dimension and obtaining an optimal facial proportion. There are many methods to record VD. Radiographic cephalometry has been used as a diagnostic tool in Prosthodontics for over five decades and numerous authors, like Ricketts (1981), McNamara (1984) and Slavicek (1984) developed and computerized these techniques to co-relate and record VD in patients. However cephalometric analysis can help to visualize skeletal and facial proportion relation. The present study was done to use the lateral radiographs with cephalometric analysis, as it could be a simple, non-technique sensitive, non-invasive and atraumatic way to determine VD for complete denture patients and also to compare physiologic methods (swallowing/phonetics) with cephalometric method to record lower facial height.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal fit of cobalt- chromium (Co-Cr) copings fabricated by direct metal laser sintering system (DMLS) and conventional lost-wax technique (LW). Materials and method: Forty tooth preparations were carried out over extracted mandibular molars. They were divided into two groups A and B of 20 each. For group A Co-Cr copings were fabricated by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and for group B by lost wax technique (LW). Glass –ionomer cement (GIC) was used to tack the copings over their preparations. Marginal fit was then evaluated directly under the stereomicroscope. Results: The mean marginal gap of group A was 27.9 ± 2.4 μm and group B was 40.4 ±6 μm. Statistical analysis using t - test showed highly significant difference (P>.05) between the marginal mean of the DMLS (group A) compared to LW (group B). Conclusion: The DMLS copings demonstrated superior marginal fit compared to that of conventional Co-Cr casted copings.

The presence or absence of blood group antigens has been associated with various diseases, with antigens also acting as receptors for infectious agents. There is paucity of literature available in assessing the relative liability of blood group phenotypes to periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the association of the ABO blood group and Rhesus factor with periodontal disease to assess whether they can behave as predictors of periodontal diseases. The data was collected from randomly selected 100 individuals who were referred to the Department of Periodontics & Implantology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur for periodontal ailment management or for other reasons related to dental health. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to Russel's Periodontal index: healthy periodontium, gingivitis & periodontitis. Blood samples were collected to identify the ABO blood group and Rh factor by the slide method. The effect of blood subgroups on periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis was investigated separately. Results & Conclusion: More number of healthy subjects in blood group A. Gingivitis and periodontitis were found more in blood group O and blood group AB, respectively. Rh positive subjects had higher distribution in all study groups.

Successful management of furcation perforations poses a challenge for a clinician. The perforation can result from iatrogenic causes, caries or resorption. It is advisable to repair the perforation as soon as it is identified, since any delay allows the bacterial ingress leading to a complicated endodontic–periodontal lesion and ultimately in the treatment failure. This case report describes successful management of a furcal perforation in a mandibular first molar, which was repaired using Biodentine. The endodontic treatment was completed and the tooth was coronally restored with composite followed by full coverage restoration. Two years follow up of the case showing absence of pain; periradicular healing of the lesion, along with functional tooth stability indicated a successful outcome of endodontic treatment and sealing the perforation using Biodentine.

The most common type of odontogenic tumours is odontomas. Generally, they are benign and asymptomatic in nature. This paper describes two varieties of odontomas in two different cases. In first case a compound odontoma present in maxillary anterior region lead to over retention of primary teeth and non eruption of permanent teeth. Retained deciduous teeth and the lesion were removed and permanent teeth were allowed to erupt and orthodontic treatment was done. In 2nd case a complex odontoma was incidentally found when patient reported for extraction of mandibular third molar which was surgically excised. The results achieved indicate that the early diagnosis of odontomas allows the adoption of a less complex and expensive treatment and ensures better prognosis.

Epidermoid cyst is a rare developmental cyst of the oro-facial region which results from entrapped epidermal elements with an incidence of 6.9-7% and represents less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts. PRF, as a physiologic fibrin matrix, serves as a net to stem cells, especially when an accelerated angiogenesis develops in the fibrin membrane. This aspect is of particular interest in the case of wide osseous defects. The Color Power Doppler detects minute areas of blood flow and the velocity of blood flow in healing bone by recording the change in frequency caused by the moving red blood cells. It demonstrates the progressive formation of new vessels in bone during the initial healing period. As the bone remodelling proceeds, there is a decrease in flow signals.

The disfigurement associated with the loss of an eye may result in significant physical and emotional problems. The article describes the successful rehabilitation of a patient with missing eye with a custom made ocular prosthesis. This allows the patient to be accepted in society without being a victim of unwanted sympathy.

Rehabilitation of hemimaxillectomy patients is a very challenging process. The augmented weight of the prosthesis when closing large defects is often a concern to its retention and lightweight obturators are thus warranted in such clinical situations. Most of the techniques in literature to hollow a prosthesis were designed to make only the defect region of obturator hollow and has limited application when it comes to prosthesis with excessive vertical height. This technique described in this article can be used to hollow vertical height of any prosthesis and successfully replace conventional techniques when they are not feasible.