Introduction The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate prevalence of dental caries in 5- to 12-year-old children in the city of Patiala, Punjab. Materials and Methods This cross sectional study comprised 1,600 school children belonging to upper middle and lower middle class groups. The children were examined in their schools itself sitting on an ordinary chair. Results Caries prevalence reported was 40%. Higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth were found in children eating sweet foods. Conclusion Results reveal a high percentage of children with dental caries which shows a need for oral health awareness in these children. A low percentage of children was brushing twice a day.

Introduction Provisional restoration refers to a prosthesis which is designed to enhance the esthetic value, or function for a short time, following which it is replaced by using a fixed prosthesis. Color stability is very important factor to be kept in mind during selection of provisional materials in aesthetically important areas. Although there are various studies which look into the issue of stability of color of provisional restorations, the results are contradictory and confusing. This study was planned to compare the color stability of commonly used provisional restorative materials after exposing them to various kinds of discolorants. Materials and Methods This work evaluated the effect of five common beverages, including tea, on color changes of different provisional materials: 1) Polymethyl methacrylates (DPI); 2) Bisacryl composite (ProtempTM II–3M ESPE); 3) Light polymerized composite (Revotek LC–GC). Color measurement of all specimens was compared with the original values of each specimen prior to immersion. Results Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that: a) There is no difference in color stability of provisional materials. b) Only food dye produced a clinically appreciable color change, whereas color change by cola and coffee cannot be appreciated by humans and that of tea can be appreciated only by trained eyes.

Introduction Dental implants are common treatment modality for tooth loss which leads to unaesthetic appearance and may also cause deterioration of mastication and speech. The aim of implant therapy in dentistry is to restore tissue contour, function, comfort, aesthetic, and speech. Dental implant role is to transfer the mechanical force created during chewing to the supporting osseous tissues within the mandible and maxilla. The importance of biomechanical factors such as the bone-implant interface, implant thread design, the length and diameter of implants, type of loading, the quality and quantity of surrounding bone have been strained by various authors. The selection of implant thread design plays an important role in the outcome of the treatment. This study was done to evaluate the influence of different thread designs on stress distribution of osseointegrated implant using three-dimensional (3D) finite-element analysis. Materials and Methods Three implants with different thread designs, namely V-thread, buttress, and reverse buttress thread designs were considered and dimensions were standardized. The site considered was the mandibular molar region with cortical and cancellous bone assuming to be isotropic and homogeneous. The implant modeling was done with the ANSYS 18.1 software. Axial load (100N) and buccolingual load (50N) were applied. The stresses were calculated as Von Mises stress criterion. Results Minimum von mises Stress concentration was seen for tapered implant body with reverse buttress thread design under axial load 100N and tapered implant body with V-thread under buccolingual load of 50N at cortical bone which signifies bone preservation. Stress levels were observed maximum at implant and minimum at the cancellous bone. Conclusion Hence, within the limitations of this study the results obtained can be applied clinically for appropriate selection of implant thread design for a predictable success of implant therapy.

Introduction Marginal bone level is the criterion for implant success. Patient expectations for more natural looking implant restorations created the need to restore implants with more esthetically pleasing materials like Zirconia rather than conventional porcelain-fused to-metal (PFM) crowns. The aim of this study was to evaluate marginal bone loss around dental implants clinically and radiographically when restored with Zirconia and PFM prosthesis. Materials and Methods Two groups (control and test) were formed with 14 patients each. In the control group, the subjects were rehabilitated with PFM crowns and in the test group, the subjects were rehabilitated with Zirconia crowns. Rehabilitation was done after the healing period of 3 months. Radiographic evaluation was done at regular (baseline, 3^rd, 6^th, and 12^th month) intervals. Results The results were statistically analyzed. Keeping in mind the limitations of the study, it was revealed that the difference in the crestal bone resorption in both the groups was not significant.

Introduction The overdenture is an alternative to fixed implant-supported prosthesis for its relatively low-cost and in clinical cases where it is impossible to place multiple implants with appropriate number and arrangement in the arch to support a fixed prosthesis. In implant-supported overdentures, many attachments such as bars, ball, and magnets can be used. The anchorage system affects the retention and stability of the overdenture as well as the load transfer to the implant and the bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exerted stresses on implants and implant–abutment interface by comparing different attachment systems used for implant-supported maxillary and mandibular overdentures using finite-element analysis. Materials and Methods Stress distribution in five different models with different attachments were evaluated using finite-element analysis. The studied attachment systems were Ball/O-ring and bar-clip attachments. Three models in mandible were studied, two implants with ball attachments, two implants with bar, and four implants connected with a bar. In maxilla, two models were studied, four implants with ball attachments, and four implants connected with bar. Forces were applied bilaterally on each model in the canine and molar region separately. The forces applied were 35N axially, 70N obliquely, and 10N horizontally. Results The ball attachments models showed the highest amount of stresses on the bone and on the implants in maxilla and mandible. The bar-clip attachment with four implants showed least stress in maxilla as well as in the mandible. The bar on four implants has better stress distribution as compared with the bar on the two implants.

Each tooth in the permanent dentition presents with extensive variation in the anatomy of root, along with variation in the number of canals in individual roots. The existence of accessory canals should be considered in all teeth since failure to clean and fill them can have poor impact on prognosis. Thus, it is extremely important for a clinician to keep abreast with the complete assessment of the anatomy and morphology of root canal system for a favorable treatment outcome. Mandibular premolars often present with a variation in anatomy and, thus, considered as a perplexity to the endodontist. This article reports clinical cases of bifurcated canals in mandibular first premolars.